What is it?
Fibre is the backbone of plant foods such as wholegrains, vegetables and fruits. It’s a type of carbohydrate that remains undigested in your gut and goes “straight through”, brushing your gut clean and keeping your digestive system healthy.
Most of us only think about eating extra fibre when we get constipated, but actually fibre has powerful disease-fighting properties. Recent research shows that many Australians are not aware of this, and are not eating anywhere near enough.
Why is it so important?
Fibre is essential for good health because it keeps you regular but it also feeds your “good gut bugs” which boost your immunity, cuts your appetite, improves your blood sugar control and lowers cholesterol levels. Not only that, fibre can help you keep a healthy waistline and dramatically lower your risk of getting chronic conditions like diabetes, heart disease and some cancers.
In fact, a study has shown that for every 10g a day of total dietary fibre you consume, you cut your risk of bowel cancer by 10 per cent. And another study showed that regularly eating cereal fibres (like wholegrain breakfast cereals, rices and breads) can reduce your risk of dying from heart disease by almost 20 per cent!
But don't forget that as you eat more fibre, you need to drink more water too, otherwise you could become constipated.
How much do we need?
The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) recommends that men eat 30g of fibre a day to stay healthy, and women 25g. If you’re at risk of chronic conditions such as diabetes or heart disease, it’s best to try to eat even more. The NHMRC recommends you aim for 28g (women) to 38g (men) daily to reduce your chronic disease risk.
The 2014 Australian Health Survey shows that adults aged over 19 are consuming just 24.8g (men) and 21.1g (women) of fibre per day. For New Zealand, the average fibre intake for adults is 20g per day. These intakes are well below the levels recommended to reduce chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes.
Where is fibre found?
Fibre is found mostly in wholefoods, or plant foods that have had little or no processing. Include a variety of these in your meals and snacks every day.
- Wholegrains and cereals eg traditional rolled oats, brown grainy breads, brown rice, barley, quinoa and wholegrain cereal biscuits. Aim for at least 3 serves a day.
- Legumes or beans eg lentils, red kidney beans, chickpeas or black beans. Use in 3 or more meals each week.
- Vegetables eg sweet potato, tomato, beetroot, corn, celery, broccoli and leafy greens. Aim for 5 different vegetables each day and keep the skin on where possible.
- Fruits eg apples, oranges, stone fruit, kiwi, pomegranate, berries and bananas. Snack on 2 pieces of fresh fruit daily.
- Nuts and seeds eg cashews, almonds, hazelnuts, brazil nuts, sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds, chia seeds, or natural nut butters and spreads. Aim for ¼ cup of nuts and seeds each day.
Top tips
Here’s a few easy tips that will help boost your fibre intake:
- don’t skip breakfast! - it’s the perfect opportunity to add more fibre-rich foods to your day, including wholegrains, nuts, seeds and fruits
sprinkle nuts and seeds such as chia seeds or linseeds on your breakfast cereal, yoghurt, muffins and salads
snack on veggie sticks with a high-fibre dip such as hummus
eat whole fresh fruits rather than drinking juice (juicing removes the fibre)
choose grainy brown breads or rolls instead of white
try brown, red, green or black rice instead of white
fill half your lunch and dinner plate with vegetables – fresh, baked, stir-fried or steamed
add sprouts and leafy greens to sandwiches, salads and stir-fries
replace all or half the white flour with wholemeal flour when baking muffins, loafs or cakes
halve (or swap) the amount of meat or mince you add to pasta sauces, soups, stews and casseroles and replace with lentils, red kidney beans, black beans or chickpeas
aim for three or more vegetable and legume-based meals each week.
Fibre-rich foods
| Food | Amount | Fibre content |
|---|
| Traditional rolled oats, uncooked | ½ cup (50g) | 4.8g |
| Wholemeal bread with grains and seeds | 2 slices (80g) | 5.3g |
| Wholegrain cereal biscuits | 2 biscuits (30g) | 3.3g |
| Lentils, cooked | 1 cup (150g) | 5.6g |
| Red kidney beans, cooked | 1 cup (150g) | 10.8g |
| Chickpeas, cooked | 1 cup (150g) | 7.1g |
| Tomato, raw | 1 medium (75g) | 0.9g |
| Broccoli, lightly steamed | ½ cup (75g) | 2.9g |
| Bok choy, raw | 1 cup (75g) | 1.8g |
| Green apple, unpeeled | 1 medium piece (150g) | 3.6g |
| Banana, peeled | 1 medium piece (150g) | 3.6g |
| Kiwi fruit, peeled | 2 small pieces (150g) | 5.7g |
| Almonds, raw | ¼ cup (30g) | 2.7g |
| Brazil nuts, raw | ¼ cup (30g) | 2.6g |
| Sunflower seeds, raw | ¼ cup (30g) | 3.3g |
| Peanut butter, no added salt or sugar | 2 tablespoons (20g) | 1.2g |
Source: NUTTAB 2010, Food Standards Australia and New Zealand.
Focus on fibre report
Have a look at Sanitarium’s Focus on Fibre report, by dietitian Shane Landon, if you're interested in more information about fibre.